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Contributors
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- By Jane E. Adcock, Yahya Aghakhani, A. Anand, Eva Andermann, Frederick Andermann, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Sandrine Aubert, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Carman Barba, Agatino Battaglia, Geneviève Bernard, Nadir E. Bharucha, Laurence A. Bindoff, William Bingaman, Francesca Bisulli, Thomas P. Bleck, Stewart G. Boyd, Andreas Brunklaus, Harry Bulstrode, Jorge G. Burneo, Laura Canafoglia, Laura Cantonetti, Roberto H. Caraballo, Fernando Cendes, Kevin E. Chapman, Patrick Chauvel, Richard F. M. Chin, H. T. Chong, Fahmida A. Chowdhury, Catherine J. Chu-Shore, Rolando Cimaz, Andrew J. Cole, Bernard Dan, Geoffrey Dean, Alessio De Ciantis, Fernando De Paolis, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Irissa M. Devine, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Concezio Di Rocco, Henry B. Dinsdale, Maria Alice Donati, François Dubeau, Michael Duchowny, Olivier Dulac, Monika Eisermann, Brent Elliott, Bernt A. Engelsen, Kevin Farrell, Natalio Fejerman, Rosalie E. Ferner, Silvana Franceschetti, Robert Friedlander, Antonio Gambardella, Hector H. Garcia, Serena Gasperini, Lorenzo Genitori, Gioia Gioi, Flavio Giordano, Leif Gjerstad, Daniel G. Glaze, Howard P. Goodkin, Sidney M. Gospe, Andrea Grassi, William P. Gray, Renzo Guerrini, Marie-Christine Guiot, William Harkness, Andrew G. Herzog, Linda Huh, Margaret J. Jackson, Thomas S. Jacques, Anna C. Jansen, Sigmund Jenssen, Michael R. Johnson, Dorothy Jones-Davis, Reetta Kälviäinen, Peter W. Kaplan, John F. Kerrigan, Autumn Marie Klein, Matthias Koepp, Edwin H. Kolodny, Kandan Kulandaivel, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Ahmed Lary, Yolanda Lau, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Maria K. Lehtinen, Holger Lerche, Michael P. T. Lunn, Snezana Maljevic, Mark R. Manford, Carla Marini, Bindu Menon, Giulia Milioli, Eli M. Mizrahi, Manish Modi, Márcia Elisabete Morita, Manuel Murie-Fernandez, Vivek Nambiar, Lina Nashef, Vincent Navarro, Aidan Neligan, Ruth E. Nemire, Charles R. J. C. Newton, John O'Donavan, Hirokazu Oguni, Teiichi Onuma, Andre Palmini, Eleni Panagiotakaki, Pasquale Parisi, Elena Parrini, Liborio Parrino, Ignacio Pascual-Castroviejo, M. Scott Perry, Perrine Plouin, Charles E. Polkey, Suresh S. Pujar, Karthik Rajasekaran, R. Eugene Ramsey, Rahul Rathakrishnan, Roberta H. Raven, Guy M. Rémillard, David Rosenblatt, M. Elizabeth Ross, Abdulrahman Sabbagh, P. Satishchandra, Swati Sathe, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Philip A. Schwartzkroin, Rod C. Scott, Frédéric Sedel, Michelle J. Shapiro, Elliott H. Sherr, Michael Shevell, Simon D. Shorvon, Adrian M. Siegel, Gagandeep Singh, S. Sinha, Barbara Spacca, Waney Squier, Carl E. Stafstrom, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andrea Taddio, Gianpiero Tamburrini, C. T. Tan, Raymond Y. L. Tan, Erik Taubøll, Robert W. Teasell, Mario Giovanni Terzano, Federica Teutonico, Suzanne A. Tharin, Elizabeth A. Thiele, Pierre Thomas, Paolo Tinuper, Dorothée Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Sumeet Vadera, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Jean-Pierre Vignal, J. M. Walshe, Elizabeth J. Waterhouse, David Watkins, Ruth E. Williams, Yue-Hua Zhang, Benjamin Zifkin, Sameer M. Zuberi
- Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
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- Book:
- The Causes of Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp ix-xvi
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Chapter 38 - Other single-gene disorders
- from Section 3 - Symptomatic epilepsy
- Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
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- Book:
- The Causes of Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp 258-264
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Summary
This chapter first presents the molecular physiology and pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and then discusses diagnostic testing for TSC. In TSC, inadequate suppression of the mTORC1 pathway results in dysgenic lesions and tumor growth in multiple organ systems. Epilepsy is the most common neurological symptom, affecting approximately 85% of TSC patients, and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Infantile spasms in TSC frequently develop concurrently with partial epilepsy and poor control of seizures types other than spasms is also correlated with poor outcome. Initial evaluation of a patient with known or suspected TSC should focus on confirmation of the diagnosis by identifying major and minor diagnostic features. Confident diagnosis of TSC in a young child can be difficult, as different organs are preferentially involved at distinct developmental stages. Multicenter clinical trials evaluating rapamycin and other structurally similar chemical analogs are currently underway for use in TSC.
Chapter 19 - A Survey of Analytical Modeling for Cellular/WLAN Interworking
- from Part VI - 802.11/Cellular Interworking
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- By Enrique Stevens-Navarro, The University of British Columbia, Chi Sun, The University of British Columbia, Vincent W.S. Wong, The University of British Columbia
- Edited by Benny Bing, Georgia Institute of Technology
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- Book:
- Emerging Technologies in Wireless LANs
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 05 November 2007, pp 441-468
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Summary
Introduction
A number of wireless technologies have evolved rapidly during the past decade. Mobile devices and gadgets (e.g., cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops) supported by some of these technologies are becoming more and more important in people's everyday life. Wireless local area networks (WLANs) and cellular networks are two paradigms of such technologies in the present wireless realm.
WLAN, which is based on the IEEE 802.11 standards, is able to provide services with high data rate up to 11 Mbps (802.11b) or 54 Mbps (802.11a/g) at a relatively low access and deployment cost. Moreover, 802.11n, which is still under development, promises to offer a maximum data rate of up to 700 Mbps. However, the coverage area of WLAN is typically less than 100 meters, making it only suitable for hotspot regions such as hotels, libraries, airports, and coffee shops.
Compared to the WLAN, cellular networks cover a much larger area that provides ubiquitous access over several kilometers. Nevertheless, the supported service data rate of cellular networks such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), or CDMA2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000) only ranges from a few kbps to 2.4 Mbps. Furthermore, the cost of accessing and deploying cellular networks is much higher than that of the WLANs.
Driven by the complementary characteristics of these two wireless technologies (high-rate, low-cost, small coverage area of WLAN versus low-rate, high-cost, large coverage area of cellular network), a strong trend of combining them into one integrated system has emerged during the past years [1]-[6].